【英文标准名称】:Cerealsandcerealproducts-Commonwheat(TriticumaestivumL.)-Determinationofalveographpropertiesofdoughatadaptedhydrationfromcommercialortestfloursandtestmillingmethodology
【原文标准名称】:谷物及谷物制品.普通面粉(普通小麦).在商业或试验面粉适应水化性条件下生面团展特性和试验加工方法的测定
【标准号】:BSDDCEN/TS15731-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:2009-05-31
【实施或试行日期】:2009-05-31
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(GB-BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:农产品;分析;谷物食品;谷类作物;化学分析和试验;测定;含量测定;作物粉;食品;解释;实验室取样;实验室试验;实验室器皿;含水量;糊(食品);粉末的;抽样方法;试验;小麦
【英文主题词】:Agriculturalproducts;Analysis;Cerealfoodproducts;Cereals;Chemicalanalysisandtesting;Determination;Determinationofcontent;Flour;Foodproducts;Interpretations;Laboratorysample;Laboratorytests;Laboratoryware;Moisturecontents;Pastes(food);Powdered;Samplingmethods;Testing;Wheat
【摘要】:Thisdocumentspecifiesamethodthatusesanalveographtodeterminetherheologicalpropertiesofdifferenttypesofdoughatadaptedhydrationobtainedfrom“soft”to“hard”wheatflour(TriticumaestivumL.)producedbyindustrialmillingorlaboratorytestmilling.Itdescribesthealveographtestandhowtousealaboratorymilltoproduceflourintwostages:?Stage1:preparationofthewheatgrainformillingtomakeiteasiertoseparatethebranfromtheendosperm(seeClause7);?Stage2:themillingprocessitself,includingthebreaksysteminvolvingthreeflutedrollers,reductionofparticlesizebetweentwosmoothrollersandtheuseofacentrifugalsievingmachinetogradetheproducts(seeClause8).
【中国标准分类号】:X11
【国际标准分类号】:67_060
【页数】:42P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforSteady-StateHeatFluxMeasurementsandThermalTransmissionPropertiesbyMeansoftheGuarded-Hot-PlateApparatus
【原文标准名称】:使用单面护热板设备测量稳态热通量和热传导特性的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMC177-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2010
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:C16.30
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:erroranalysis;guarded-hot-plate;heatflow;heatflux;steady-state;thermalconductivity;thermalresistance;thermaltransmission;thermalconductance;thermaltesting;Erroranalysis;Heatflux;Hotplate/boxmethods;Insulatingmaterials;T
【摘要】:Thistestmethodcoversthemeasurementofheatfluxandassociatedtestconditionsforflatspecimens.Theguarded-hot-plateapparatusisgenerallyusedtomeasuresteady-stateheatfluxthroughmaterialshavingax201C;lowx201D;thermalconductivityandcommonlydenotedasx201C;thermalinsulators.x201D;Acceptablemeasurementaccuracyrequiresaspecimengeometrywithalargeratioofareatothickness.Twospecimensareselectedwiththeirthickness,areas,anddensitiesasidenticalaspossible,andonespecimenisplacedoneachsideoftheguarded-hot-plate.Thefacesofthespecimensoppositetheguarded-hot-plateandprimaryguardareplacedincontactwiththesurfacesofthecoldsurfaceassemblies.Steady-stateheattransmissionthroughthermalinsulatorsisnoteasilymeasured,evenatroomtemperature.Thisisbecauseheatmaybetransmittedthroughaspecimenbyanyorallofthreeseparatemodesofheattransfer(radiation,conduction,andconvection);anyinhomogeneityoranisotropyinthespecimenmayrequirespecialexperimentalprecautionstomeasurethatflowofheat;hoursorevendaysmayberequiredtoachievethethermalsteady-state;noguardingsystemcanbeconstructedtoforcethemeteredheattopassonlythroughthetestareaofinsulationspecimenbeingmeasured;moisturecontentwithinthematerialmaycausetransientbehaviour;andphysicalorchemicalchangeinthematerialwithtimeorenvironmentalconditionmaypermanentlyalterthespecimen.Applicationofthistestmethodondifferenttestinsulationsrequiresthatthedesignermakechoicesinthedesignselectionofmaterialsofconstructionandmeasurementandcontrolsystems.Thustheremaybedifferentdesignsfortheguarded-hot-plateapparatuswhenusedatambientversuscryogenicorhightemperatures.Testthickness,temperaturerange,temperaturedifferencerange,ambientconditionsandothersystemparametersmustalsobeselectedduringthedesignphase.AnnexA1isreferencedtotheuser,whichaddressessuchissuesaslimitationsoftheapparatus,thicknessmeasurementconsiderationsandmeasurementuncertainties,allofwhichmustbeconsideredinthedesignandoperationoftheapparatus.Apparatusconstructedandoperatedinaccordancewiththistestmethodshouldbecapableofaccuratemeasurementsforitsdesignrangeofapplication.Sincethistestmethodisapplicabletoawiderangeofspecimencharacteristics,testconditions,andapparatusdesign,itisimpracticaltogiveanall-inclusivestatementofprecisionandbiasforthetestmethod.Analysisofthespecificapparatususedisrequiredtospecifyaprecisionandbiasforthereportedresults.Forthisreason,conformancewiththetestmethodrequiresthattheusermustestimateandreporttheuncertaintyoftheresultsunderthereportedtestconditions.Qualificationofanewapparatus.Whenanewormodifieddesignisdeveloped,testsshallbeconductedonatleasttwomaterialsofknownthermalstabilityandhavingverifiedorcalibratedpropertiestraceabletoanationalstandardslaboratory.Testsshallbeconductedforatleasttwosetsoftemperatureconditionsthatcovertheoperatingrangefortheapparatus.Ifthedifferencesbetweenthetestresultsandthenationalstandardslaboratorycharacterizationaredeterminedtobesignificant,thenthesourceoftheerrorshall,ifpossible,beidentified.Onlyaftersuccessfulcomparisonwiththecertifiedsamples,cantheapparatusclaimconformancewiththistestmethod.Itisrecommendedthatchecksbecontinuedonaperiodicbasistoconfirmcontinuedconformanceoftheapparatus.Thethermaltransmissionpropertiesofaspecimenofmaterial:mayvaryduetothecom..........
【中国标准分类号】:P31
【国际标准分类号】:17_200_10
【页数】:23P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语